This is the first textbook to focus on environmental threats to child health. The first three chapters provide overviews of key children’s environmental health issues as well as the role of environmental epidemiology and risk assessment in child health protection. Overarching themes are the susceptibility of the rapidly developing fetus and infant to environmental toxicants, the importance of modifying factors (e.g., poverty, genetic traits, nutrition), the role of health outcome and exposure monitoring, uncertainties surrounding environmental exposure limits, and the importance of timely intervention. Later chapters address the health effects of metals, PCB’s, dioxins, pesticides, hormonally active agents, radiation, indoor and outdoor air pollution, and water contamination. The final chapter summarizes associations between environmental exposures and child health outcomes and calls for an improved science base to guide public health decisions and protect child health.